http://classicalchopped.artinterp.org/omeka/files/original/e414ae9c1edeb8ec0395853794f567a9.jpg ceb81b9a473fd99c8beea484dd5ab0c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Head of Socrates Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Roman copy of Greek original, by Lysippos Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Marble Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 33.5 cm Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Louvre Museum Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1st Century BC Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Head of Socrates Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Roman Copy: Unknown Bronze Original: Pompeion in Athens Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown, Bronze original by Lysippos Medium The material or physical carrier of the resource. Marble Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 33.5 cm tall Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Louvre Museum, Paris Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Gentry Pack Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Roman Copy: Unknown, Bronze Original: mid-4th century BC, Greek Classical Period Description An account of the resource Description: The Head of Socrates depicts a face of the great philosopher. It includes the full head and continues down to stop at the neck. The portrait depicts an older man with a receding hairline, curly hair renderings along the sides and back of the head as well as a long pointed beard. The rendering of the hair is very detailed, showing naturalistic patterns and directions of hair flow. The amount of wrinkles on the forehead and cheeks show realistic signs of age, and helps create a very serious and wise undertone for the sculpture. The tip of the nose seems to have been scraped or damaged from either excavation or transportation of the artifact. The almond-shaped eyes are slightly exaggerated. The portrait includes Socrates' distinct receding hairline, silenos-like beard, and slightly open mouth. This portrait of the head was originally meant to be inserted into a larger body, which is now missing. It seems evident that the intent of this piece was to highlight Socrates’ physical display of age and focus as philosopher. Significance: The style and appearance of this posthumous portrait stem from the new trend in portraiture following the defeat of the Greeks by the Macedonians at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC. This time period is when sculptors, especially Lysippos, started to really incorporate their model’s personal character, realism, and emotion in to the face of the piece. The eyes create a very starry gaze for the portrait as if it were depicting Socrates in deep thought, or in preparation to make an intellectual statement. It seems evident that the intent of this piece was to highlight Socrates’ physical age and focus as philosopher. The amount of detail that was put into this piece in order to emphasize Socrates’ wrinkled skin, long beard, and focused expression was clearly a structured depiction of his knowledge and wisdom. Having such a visible receding hair line and a long pointed beard were not qualities of the portraits of the young and physically powerful models, such as the Statue of Meleager. The artist of this piece was much more interested in encapsulating Socrates' identity as a scholar. By choosing to emphasize features such as wrinkles and folds that represent having a long life, rather than idealizing the face, it displays that Socrates has probably learned a lot of lessons over the years and was a true man of experience and philosophy. References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. The Stoa Consortium http://www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_portraits?page=12 Cosmo Learning https://cosmolearning.org/images/socrates-louvre-museum-paris/